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The sacroiliac joint, or SI joint, is a stiff articulation between the ilium (pelvic bone) and sacrum of the spine. The pelvic floor is a group of muscles in the pelvis that are responsible for supporting the bladder and intestines, resisting intra-abdominal pressure during activities such as lifting, and urinary and fecal continence.
Although pregnancy may come to mind as the primary cause of dysfunction in this area, males may also suffer from pain and dysfunction in one or both of these areas. Pelvic floor dysfunction in men can be the result of prostate surgery, obesity, repeated heavy lifting, or even long term coughing.
The physical therapy examination for the SI joint and pelvic floor consists of an evaluation of the lumbopelvic and hip complex. A popular exercise to strengthen the pelvic floor is the kegel exercise, which a physical therapist can teach how to perform correctly. Other physical therapy interventions include hip and core strengthening, soft tissue and mobilizations, and neuromuscular re-education activities to improve motor control of these muscles.
Physical therapy can have a positive impact on patients suffering from SI joint or pelvic floor dysfunction. A study from the Physical Therapy Journal concluded that first-time mothers should be encouraged to begin general exercise within the first six weeks after giving birth. Despite the importance of early intervention, a study from the Medical Research Archives found that over 50% of patients with pelvic floor dysfunction did not seek medical treatment early despite having symptoms. Physical therapy can provide a structured home exercise program to help strengthen the structures supporting the pelvic floor and SI joint.
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