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The temporomandibular joint, or TMJ, is the joint that connects the jawbone and skull. This joint is located below the ears on the side of the face. There is a disc in between the two bones that moves as the mouth opens and closes. The muscles that are responsible for chewing are located near this joint. Two important nerves that innervate the ear and cheek travel near the TMJ.
TMJ pain can originate from the joint itself or any of the muscles, nerves, or ligaments that are located nearby. Jaw clenching during sleep can cause stress on the TMJ. A person experiencing popping or locking of the jaw during chewing may have an impairment at the TMJ itself. In some cases, TMJ dysfunction can cause stress on the nerve that travels to the ear and result in muffled hearing.
The physical therapy examination consists of assessing all of the structures that affect TMJ. This involves examining range of motion, strength, joint mobility, and the smoothness of movement. When examining the TMJ, it is essential to assess the neck and midback as well for possible stressors.
Physical therapy is an effective treatment for TMJ pain. A study from the Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice examined the effectiveness of relaxation exercises, manual therapy, body posture, and jaw movement exercises for treating TMJ pain. The study concluded that these interventions resulted in patients having no jaw pain at rest and improved function.
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