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The hip joint is a deep ball and socket joint that has many muscles laying over it. The femur (thigh bone) sits in the socket of the pelvic bone, allowing for movement in many different planes. A strong joint capsule lines the socket so the femur can move smoothly. There are many strong ligaments that reinforce the joint as well.
Similarly to the shoulder, because of the amount of motion the hip joint has, muscles or ligaments can become overstressed if there is an underlying weakness somewhere in the hip complex. Hip impingement can occur when the tight muscles in the front of the hip begin to press on the hip joint and cause pain. Piriformis syndrome is a popular diagnosis that describes the piriformis muscle becoming tight and compressing the sciatic nerve, causing pain in the gluteal area. A tear in the joint labrum or arthritis in the joint are also two possible causes of hip pain.
Physical therapy examination of the entire lumbopelvic and hip complex is critical to developing a well-rounded plan of care that identifies all of the stressors on the hip. Hip strengthening is often the primary focus of the treatment plan while incorporating manual therapy techniques as needed to modulate pain.
Physical therapy is very important for managing hip pain, even for those who are electing to undergo hip replacement surgery. According to an article in the Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery, patients who had pre-arthritic hip pain had improved function and decreased pain after undergoing physical therapy for eight weeks. The British Journal of Sports Medicine also published an article stating that physical therapist-led interventions improved strength and function in young and middle-aged adults. Physical therapy can treat hip pain and improve functional mobility.
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